Anastasiia Ivanova / Анастасія Іванова

The article deals with the people’s legislative initiative as an institute of direct democracy, its modern understanding and the history along with world experience of its realization. The article touches upon the Swiss roots of this institute, the place of the latter in Ukrainian constitutional tradition as well as the attempts to introduce it in the history of independent Ukraine. Examples of the implementation of the people's legislative initiative in modern European countries - Austria, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Northern Macedonia, Slovenia, Switzerland, etc. are given.
The author examines the institute through the prism of Bill No. 1015 on Amendments to Article 93 of the Constitution of Ukraine (regarding vesting the people with legislative initiative). Some of the problematic aspects of this Bill are identified as well as important elements that must be addressed together with the introduction of the people’s legislative initiative.
This is, in particular, a form of legislative initiative; the determination of the subject of a people's legislative initiative by establishing certain features (quantitative, qualitative); establishing restrictions on the subject of legal regulation; the procedure for collecting votes and verifying citizens' signatures; mechanisms and safeguards for the protection of a people's legislative initiative (it is the duty of the parliament to consider the bill or legislative proposals submitted, and to do so within certain time limits, etc.).
The author draws special attention to the legal and technical shortcomings of the draft law, including the need to apply a comprehensive approach to amending the Constitution and the constitutional process as a whole.
Positively referring to the people's legislative initiative and the prospects of its implementation in Ukrainian lawmaking, the author makes certain reservations about the proposed amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine.
Keywords: direct democracy, people's legislative initiative, the Constitution of Ukraine, amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine, bill, legislative process

© 2020 УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ ЧАСОПИС КОНСТИТУЦІЙНОГО ПРАВА  |  ISSN 2519-2590

concept of «culture-law» determines the application of the method of socio-cultural determination , identifying as leading in explaining any phenomena of cultural factors studied. The main cultural-philosophical approaches are philosophical-anthropological, philosophical-historical, philosophical-axiological. G. Hofstede's cross-cultural methodology is analyzed, attention is paid to the specific characteristics of culture as determinants of the legal process; is considered as an important theoretical characteristic of Ukrainian culture category «boundary»; characterized by the phenomenon of mentality, which can be defined in general terms as an idea of psychological characteristics or «psychological equipment», which constitutes the integrity of the spiritual and mental life of a particular subject (person, community) in a particular cultural space and its correlation with mentality and identity; the focus is on ethnic mentality, attention is drawn to the urgent need to understand law as a culture. In this case, the «profile» of the jurist in one or another era can be considered as a starting point in the characterization of historical, legal and historical-cultural processes, which, given the approach proposed here, can give reasons to apply a generalized definition of «cultural-legal process». УДК 342.4 А. Ю. ІВАНОВА, кандидат юридичних наук, старший науковий співробітник * ORCID 0000-0002-7344-4505 ЗАКОН УНР «ПРО НАЦІОНАЛЬНО-ПЕРСОНАЛЬНУ АВТОНОМІЮ» ЯК ЧАСТИНА КОНСТИТУЦІЇ УНР: ДО ІСТОРІЇ СТВОРЕННЯ У статті реконструйований процес підготовки закону Української Народної Республіки «Про національно-персональну автономію» як частини Конституції Української Народної Республіки 1918 р. Висвітлена організація секретаріату єврейських справ та його реформу-вання. Розглядається історія підготовки тексту законопроекту, його обговорення та при-йняття. Окрема увага приділена питанню про авторство закону про національно-персональ-ну автономію, підготовленого спеціальною комісією Віце-секретарства єврейських справ у складі М. Зільберфарба, І. Хургіна та М. Шац-Аніна. Ключові слова: національно-персональна автономія, закон про національно-персональ-ну автономію, Статут автономії України, Конституція УНР 29 квітня 1918 р., Статут про державний устрій, права і вольності України. Иванова А. Ю. Закон УНР «О национально-персональной автономии» как часть Конституции УНР: к истории создания В статье реконструирован процесс подготовки закона Украинской Народной Респу-блики «О национально-персональной автономии» как части Конституции Украинской На-родной Республики 1918 г. Представлена организация секретариата еврейских дел и его реформирование. Рассматривается история подготовки текста законопроекта, его об-суждения и принятия. Особое внимание уделено вопросу авторства закона о националь-но-персональной автономии, подготовленного специальной комиссией Вице-секретариата еврейских дел в составе М. Зильберфарба, И. Хургина и М. Шац-Анина.

The article reconstructs the process of drafting the Constitution of the UNR in 1918,
started, at authors conviction, on April, 1917. The author states that there were two commissions,
one of which was of an organizational nature, and the other – worked directly on the
elaboration of the text of the Constitution of the UNR. The article examines several project
texts that are stored in the state archives of Ukraine. This allowed to study the dynamics of the
draft Constitution at di􀧼erent levels of its preparation, as well as the history of the preparation
of the law on national-personal autonomy, which the author regards as part of the Constitution
of the UNR.

Ivanova A. The problem of constitualisation of the historical and cultural heritage of the UPR is viewed.
The problem succession of Ukraine in the context of cultural, ideological and legal heritage of the Ukrainian People’s Republic (UPR) is reviewed. Evaluated legislative proposals about refusal of the succession from Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which is fixed in the law of Ukraine “On succession of Ukraine” (1991) as well as legislative proposals for the abolition or revision of this bill.
Comments on new approaches to the study of the period – accession to the concept of Ukrainian revolution concept transitiveness. This made it possible to assert the existence in 1917-1921 Ukrainian state (with different political regimes and names – Ukrainian People’s Republic, Ukrainian State). It also made possible to abandon attempts to justify unambiguous legality or legitimacy, or vice versa – illegality or illegitimacy of one of the political regime.

After all for the transition state, especially in the early stages, legality or legitimacy are optional features power. Moreover, only their unique implementation is a prerequisite for the transition period. A “illegitimate” some even include features to the basic content of the transition
state (along with instability, dynamism and fragmentation of power).
Attention is paid to the problematic category of “succession” in the modern theory of international law and lifted the assumption that the expansion of this category would unite “material” succession USSR and “ideological” succession UPR.
The historical solutions of these issues and experience in this sphere of states – former
Soviet republics with a long history and post-imperial statehood are performed. Particularly there’re compared the Constitutional acts of the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Moldova on fixing constitutional acts in the history
of their own state assessments and fixing them in the initial fundamental milestones national memory.

"Сьогодні домінує розуміння адміністративної юстиції як можливості захисту лише своїх суб’єктивних публічних прав. Водночас, таке звуження розуміння цілей та завдань адміністративної юстиції позбавляє права, наприклад,
оскаржити неправомірні нормативно-правові та ненормативні акти органів вищої та центральної виконавчої влади, якими керуються як нормами прямої дії їх органи на місцях."

"Ключовим питанням, що постало перед законотворцями (теоретиками та практиками), видається таке: чи можливе та доцільне паралельне існування загальнодержавного та місцевого права, або місцеве право зрештою обов’язково має поглинутися правом загальнодержавним?"

Нормотворення і систематизація в праві: до 1000-річчя Руської
Правди і 450-річчя Другого (Волинського) статуту Великого
князівства Литовського : матеріали XXХV Міжнародної історико-
правової конференції 22–25 вересня 2016 р., м. Дубно / ред. колегія : І. Б. Усенко (голова), О. О. Малишев (відп. секр.), А. Ю. Іванова,
В. Є. Кириченко, Н. М. Крестовська, І. В. Музика, Є. В. Ромінський,
О. Н. Ярмиш. – Київ–Херсон: ФОП Грінь Д. С., 2016. – C. 156-162.

Legal consciousness as a source of law in transitional states (on the material of the Ukrainian revolution of 1917–1921th)

The legal consciousness as a source of influence on the phenomenon of social reality is
highlighted.
In transitional States the existing legislation do not responding to new social realities and
relations. The law enforcement authorities to develop a “new law” is not governed by this old
law, and refer to primary sources of law, or simply their own ideas about justice. It is not surprising
that in such times is activated the legal consciousness as a direct source of law.
Legal consciousness is defined as a form of social consciousness that reflects the attitude
of business relations with applicable law and derived his legal phenomena [1, p. 49]. There
are also definition of legal consciousness as a form of social consciousness, the essence of
which is a set of concepts, ideas and principles about the nature of law and all its related phenomena.
Positivism limits the scope of legal consciousness by existing law and its possible
influence – by law enforcement activities. This is due to the fact that the legal consciousness
is explored as an object of legal regulation. Going beyond the positivism makes it possible to
include within the scope of legal consciousness ideas of justice and therefore desirable law
and realize opportunities to influence not only in the law enforcement but also in law-making
practices. In general, the view of legal consciousness as a source of influence allows you to
identify the following areas and forms of application.
It is logical to assume that justice, in particular the idea of justice that guided the various
subjects of the law were unequal. Thus, the content of legal consciousness as a direct source
of law enforcement activity depends predetermined by legal consciousness of the specific subject
of such activities.
Depending on the subject entitled realizable activity it cans highlight the following forms
of legal consciousness as a direct source of law:
1. Professional legal consciousness – judicial discretion in deciding or choosing what
guided by laws or revolutionary legal consciousness;
2. Revolutionary legal consciousness as the views of the individual judge on political
expediency (the Soviet experience);
3. Legal consciousness of the people, which largely coincides with customary law;
4. «Justice» crowd that is not in the normal legal conscionsness (city lynching).
We can distinguish two ways of applying legal consciousness as a direct source of law.
1) Official way – when the right to enjoy the revolutionary legal consciousness assigned to
state judicial authorities in law (for example, the famous Decree on court number 1 on
November 22 (December 5) in 1917) and 2) Informal way – when justice is applied in the
exercise of the judicial function in parastatal enforcement (eg, traditional peasant justice).
Interestingly, the use of legal consciousness as a source of law official judicial bodies
apply most professional individual legal consciousness, while informal forms characteristic is
update daily collective conscience. It seems that none of them has in its pure form, but apparently
it is an advantage of negative elements of legal psychology characteristic of everyday
consciousness, in cases of non-state justice led to sometimes screaming beyond the right.
It is noted that in the law-making is an important adoption to legal consciousness of the
people and one of a individuals and social groups.
It is concluded that the content of justice as a direct source of law in the enforcement of
justice due to the particular subject of such activities.

The heuristic potential of the transitional states' concept for the Ukrainian revolution's reserches

Евристичний потенціал концепції держави перехідного періоду для дослідження правотворчих процесів доби української революції 1917-1921 рр. // Правова держава. Вип. 24 - К., 2013

Summary: The problem of succession of Ukraine in the context of cultural, ideological
and legal heritage of the Ukrainian National Republic (UNR) is reviewed in the article. Legislative
proposals on denying the succession from Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which
is fixed in the law of “Onsuccession of Ukraine” (1991),as well as legislative proposals for the
abolition or revision of this bill have been evaluated. The historical solutions of the issues along
with relevant experience of other former Soviet republics with a long history and post-imperial
statehood are presented. Particular focus is placed on the Constitutional Acts of the Republic of
Armenia, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Lithuania and the Republic of Moldova with
regard to the assessments of the history of their own statehood and consolidation of the basis of
national memory. Attention is paid to the problematic category of “succession” in the modern
theory of international law. An assumption has been made that the expansion of this category
would unite the “material” succession of USSR with the “ideological” succession of UPR.

The cultural and educational movement in the Camps for soldiers of the UNR and UHA Armies interned in Poland and Czechoslovakia (1919–1928) is important but little-known area in the researches of the War Aftermath and the Post-War Societies.
The State Archives of Ukraine contain documents and materials demonstrate a high level of self-organization of the soldiers and veterans. There were own printed press, cultural, theatrical, educational etc. groups in the military units. The association of disabled veterans was operated. Its vigorous activity from 1921 till 1928 was embraced various form of support (material and physiological), communication with associations of disable veterans in Rome, Vienne, Geneve. The impact of this organization on the veterans treatments and reintegration could be researched.
In the Camp for soldiers of the UHA Army interned in the Czechoslovakia it was created the Group of lawyers, which main goal was education and research activities of the members of the Group. There was a constituent assembly, which approved Regulation of the Group. Under the Regulation the Group had 3 sections: Roman history, judgment and juridical-political. Lectures on some legal sciences were held by specially invited professors. Members of the Group were mostly young soldiers, which because of war and revolution haven’t got or haven’t completed a law degree. But there were advocates and doctors too. The Group had contacted with universities in Prague about continuing of the legal education for veterans in Czechoslovakia’s universities. It’s planned to establish contacts with the Všehrd Association of Czech Lawyers in Prague. It is little-known that the Chairman of the Group was Jan Popel, who later obtained Doctoral degree and by some information was the Judge of the Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic. The Group of lawyers developed the Model Regulation and Common Rules of the Court of honor for the Ukrainian Brigade in the Camp.
Another form of self-organization is a non-state justice of the officers interned in the camps for soldiers of the UNR Army. It’s possible to determine significance of this institute for the regulation of the veterans’ life in the transitional period from the war to post-war society. For the present I’ve categorized the cases of the courts of honor indicated in the archives. There are 1). Disciplinary proceedings for: insulting officers (insult or verbally assault); refusing to follow order; playing cards. 2). Political charges for: chatter between the rebels and the officer, spreading gossips, previous serving in the bolshevik’s army. 3). Marriage and family affairs about: permission to join the church marriage; the desire to marry with certain obstacles (for already married). In such cases was questioned the accordance of the marriage to the officers dignity. Decisions of the court of honor were 2 types: procedural and substantive. The procedural ones mainly were not subjected to the court of honor. The court of honor was not limited by formal refusal, and made the decision not mandatory, but recommendatory. Essential decisions were about: 1) absolution, 2) reprimand, 3) dismissal 4) offering to apology.
Self-organizations of the veterans in the Camps for soldiers of the UNR and UHA Armies interned in Poland and Czechoslovakia (1919-1928) let the researcher to concentrate on the one of it or to make general analyze of the phenomena. Also it seems to be a good source for the research of the influence of the veterans’ self-organizations on the veteran reintegration in the Post-war society.